Life Insurance: a basic primer

Life Insurance is somewhat like writing a will - we think about it or talk about it every so often, but few of us actually do anything about it!For most people, there's no way to make this exciting reading - but it's one of the most important things you should be looking at to protect your family's way of life. So let’s get started...........What are the major uses of personal Life Insurance?
Take financial care of your survivors, once you’re no longer there to do it; and to take the burden of worrying about the financial aspects of your death off their shoulders;
Pay off any outstanding debts - a mortgage, other loans, credit card balances, etc;
Provide money in the event you are diagnosed with a dread disease or terminal illnesssome policies will advance you part or all of the death benefit so that you can fill in for lost income, get the special treatment you want, spend quality time with your family, etc;
Pay estate taxes and other settlement costs - wherever they have to be paid;
Provide educational funds for your children or grandchildren;
Supplement your retirement income - life insurance can often accumulate tax-sheltered
funds within the policy;
Charitable donations - life insurance can be used to make a donation to your favourite charity
What types of Life Insurance are there?
There are 3 basic types of personal life insurance:
Term Insurance
This can be likened to renting an apartment. It builds no equity within the policy. If you stop paying premiums, the coverage ends. And just like the rental lease on an apartment, the premiums can increase after the initial term of the policy ends. But, in the short term it offers the highest amount of coverage for the lowest cost.

Whole Life:
This is like buying a house. The upfront costs and annual premiums are usually higher than term insurance, but those premiums are generally fixed throughout the term of the policy. Most whole life policies offer a build-up of equity within the policy with significant tax advantages in that build-up

Universal Life:
This is a flexible combination of Term and Whole Life. It has many of the features and minimal premiums of a term policy, and yet offers flexibility to increase those premium payments and accumulate equity using some of the features and advantages of a whole life policy.

When should I buy life insurance?
A question for which there’s no exact answer! At a minimum, most people would like to leave enough money to provide for the cost of their funeral. Aside from that, many people feel they don't need life insurance unless and until they have surviving dependants, debts or other liabilities to be paid off, or other needs to provide funds after their death.
As one’s lifestyle changes and evolves, the need for life insurance also changes. Each lifestyle change brings a potential need for more or less life insurance, and therefore, ideally, the coverage should be reviewed at every such point of change. Most financial consultants recommend a regular and frequent review of life insurance as part of overall assets and liabilities.

How much should I buy?
Again, there may not be an exact answer! If there’s a specific amount is needed at your death - to pay off a mortgage or other debt, to donate a defined lump sum to a charity, to fund college fees, etc. - then the amount of life insurance you need may be quite easy to calculate.
If the question is how much your survivors may need to live on after your death, it becomes a harder question to answer. Some factors which affect this calculation are: the age and number of survivors; where they’ll live and the lifestyle they’ll need to support; the rest of the estate you‘ll leave them; and various other points you need to consider.
Where should I buy it?
Until recently, you could only buy life insurance in your current residence or in any other country where you had an active connection, for example: employment or a residence from which you actively conduct ‘lifestyle’ activities (such as holding a drivers license, doing banking, and making credit card purchases). That’s a legalistic way of saying that you could normally buy life insurance only where you live now or in your Home Country if you maintained a residence there, traveled there often enough to be medically-examined there, and could provide financial references and other underwriting requirements there, if necessary.
For expats of the US, Canada, and the UK, this was significant since premium rates for life insurance in those countries have dropped quite dramatically compared to the rest of the world, due in part to advances in life expectancy and the liberalization of various statutory requirements for life insurance companies.

Has that changed?
In the past few years, with the advances in communications and purchasing insurance over the web, international life insurance has become an easily-available commodity. Now an applicant, regardless of his citizenship or residence, can purchase life insurance from a variety of sources and still handle the underwriting requirements.
These international policies offer many advantages, including benefits and premiums payable in US dollars or other stable currencies; medical (and other) exams conducted where you live; payment of death benefits wherever you or your beneficiary(ies) designate; and payment of premiums by wire transfer, cheque or credit card.

So what should I be looking out for now?
These advantages are somewhat offset by the risks of buying international life insurance.
In the US, Canada, and the UK, there are regulatory authorities that exercise a supervisory role over the activities of the insurance companies within their jurisdiction. There are also rating agencies which provide ratings of insurance companies. In the international arena, there are many reputable and world-renown insurance companies and there are also many small companies operating on the fringes of the insurance world.
You need to be aware of the ownership and financial standing of any insurance company that makes a proposal to you. On the other hand, you shouldn't have to pay inflated premium rates because of an insurance company’s pedigree! There are international insurance companies which offer premiums and policies based on US policy designs, US mortality rates, and US premium tables, and which are owned and guaranteed by major US insurance companies.
So, what’s the bottom line?
In summary - life insurance is for the living, not the dead! By and large, you don't need it - your survivors do. Those who depend on you or will be left with a burden when you die are the ones who might need the life insurance on your life. And, ideally, it should be a part of an overall financial plan which takes into account all of your other assets and liabilities. Remember it’s you who has to make the final decision to buy it - while you can.